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虽然 CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 最近发布，但应该有一些更新等待您的系统 CentOS 社区 / 红帽 经常发布其操作系统的更新。
在某些情况下，在安装操作系统之后，您会看到等待安装的更新。
如何安装 CentOS 8
如何安装红帽企业 Linux 8
本指南可帮助您更新 CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 系统以在系统上安装最新的更新软件包或操作系统次要版本（如 CentOS 8.1 / RHEL 8.1），并确保系统安全。
备份
在执行操作系统更新之前，建议对重要文件进行备份以确保位置安全。
更新 CentOS 8 / RHEL 8
检查更新
首先，让我们看看有哪些更新在等待您的系统。
yum check-update
输出：
以下更新适用于我的机器。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:37 ago on Wed 23 Oct 2019 04:43:10 AM EDT.
bash.x86_64 4.4.19-8.el8_0 BaseOS
bind-export-libs.x86_64 32:9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1 BaseOS
epel-release.noarch 8-6.el8 epel
grub2-common.noarch 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-pc.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-pc-modules.noarch 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-tools-extra.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-tools-minimal.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
initscripts.x86_64 10.00.1-1.el8_0.1 BaseOS
iptables.x86_64 1.8.2-9.el8_0.1 BaseOS
iptables-ebtables.x86_64 1.8.2-9.el8_0.1 BaseOS
iptables-libs.x86_64 1.8.2-9.el8_0.1 BaseOS
. . .
. . .
sssd-client.x86_64 2.0.0-43.el8_0.3 BaseOS
sssd-common.x86_64 2.0.0-43.el8_0.3 BaseOS
sssd-kcm.x86_64 2.0.0-43.el8_0.3 BaseOS
sssd-nfs-idmap.x86_64 2.0.0-43.el8_0.3 BaseOS
systemd.x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS
systemd-libs.x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS
systemd-pam.x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS
systemd-udev.x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS
Obsoleting Packages
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8 @anaconda
grub2-tools-efi.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8 @anaconda
grub2-tools-extra.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8 @anaconda
grub2-tools-minimal.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8 @anaconda
如果您对更新感到满意，请继续在您的系统上安装更新。
更新内核
作为第一项任务，我们将只更新操作系统内核包。
单独更新内核是可选的，因为您可以在单个命令中更新内核和软件包，这将在下一节中看到。 由于 CentOS / Red Hat 不遵循任何预定日期发布更新，因此您不会每次都获得内核更新。
使用以下命令更新操作系统内核。
yum update -y kernel
更新包
现在，为您的系统安装与已安装应用程序相关的剩余更新。
yum update
您将获得软件包列表及其下载大小。 你需要输入 和 并按下 Enter 开始更新。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:04 ago on Wed 23 Oct 2019 04:43:10 AM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ============================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================ Upgrading: bash x86_64 4.4.19-8.el8_0 BaseOS 1.5 M bind-export-libs x86_64 32:9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1 BaseOS 1.1 M grub2-common noarch 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS 880 k grub2-pc x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS 35 k grub2-pc-modules noarch 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS 899 k grub2-tools x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS 1.9 M grub2-tools-extra x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS 1.0 M grub2-tools-minimal x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS 196 k . . . . . . sssd-kcm x86_64 2.0.0-43.el8_0.3 BaseOS 207 k sssd-nfs-idmap x86_64 2.0.0-43.el8_0.3 BaseOS 94 k systemd x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS 3.4 M systemd-libs x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS 551 k systemd-pam x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS 222 k systemd-udev x86_64 239-13.el8_0.5 BaseOS 1.3 M epel-release noarch 8-6.el8 epel 21 k Installing dependencies: grub2-tools-efi x86_64 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1 BaseOS 444 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Upgrade 50 Packages Total download size: 47 M Is this ok [y/N]: Y << Press Y and Enter Downloading Packages: (1/51): grub2-tools-efi-2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm 226 kB/s | 444 kB 00:01 (2/51): bind-export-libs-9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm 364 kB/s | 1.1 MB 00:03 (3/51): grub2-pc-2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm 346 kB/s | 35 kB 00:00 (4/51): grub2-common-2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch.rpm 575 kB/s | 880 kB 00:01 (5/51): bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64.rpm 413 kB/s | 1.5 MB 00:03 (6/51): grub2-pc-modules-2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch.rpm 699 kB/s | 899 kB 00:01 (7/51): grub2-tools-minimal-2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm 987 kB/s | 196 kB 00:00
下载软件包更新后，安装程序将自动开始安装。
如果提示，您可能需要接受 GPG 签名密钥。
(45/51): python3-libs-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64.rpm 818 kB/s | 7.9 MB 00:09 (46/51): systemd-libs-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm 929 kB/s | 551 kB 00:00 (47/51): systemd-pam-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm 960 kB/s | 222 kB 00:00 (48/51): systemd-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm 690 kB/s | 3.4 MB 00:05 (49/51): epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch.rpm 115 kB/s | 21 kB 00:00 (50/51): systemd-udev-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm 959 kB/s | 1.3 MB 00:01 (51/51): selinux-policy-targeted-3.14.1-61.el8_0.2.noarch.rpm 775 kB/s | 15 MB 00:19 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.5 MB/s | 47 MB 00:32 warning: /var/cache/dnf/epel-6519ee669354a484/packages/epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 2f86d6a1: NOKEY Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x2F86D6A1: Userid : "Fedora EPEL (8) <[email protected]>" Fingerprint: 94E2 79EB 8D8F 25B2 1810 ADF1 21EA 45AB 2F86 D6A1 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8 Is this ok [y/N]: Y << Press Y and Enter Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Running scriptlet: bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64 1/1 Upgrading : bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64 1/101 Running scriptlet: bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64 1/101 Upgrading : grub2-common-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch 2/101 Upgrading : platform-python-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64 3/101 Running scriptlet: platform-python-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64 3/101 Upgrading : python3-libs-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64 4/101
等待一段时间以完成系统更新。
Verifying : systemd-pam-239-13.el8.x86_64 97/101 Verifying : systemd-udev-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64 98/101 Verifying : systemd-udev-239-13.el8.x86_64 99/101 Verifying : epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch 100/101 Verifying : epel-release-8-5.el8.noarch 101/101 Upgraded: bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64 bind-export-libs-32:9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1.x86_64 grub2-common-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch grub2-pc-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64 grub2-pc-modules-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch grub2-tools-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64 grub2-tools-extra-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64 grub2-tools-minimal-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64 initscripts-10.00.1-1.el8_0.1.x86_64 iptables-1.8.2-9.el8_0.1.x86_64 iptables-ebtables-1.8.2-9.el8_0.1.x86_64 iptables-libs-1.8.2-9.el8_0.1.x86_64 kernel-tools-4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64 kernel-tools-libs-4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64 kmod-25-11.el8_0.2.x86_64 kmod-libs-25-11.el8_0.2.x86_64 kpartx-0.7.8-7.el8_0.2.x86_64 libdnf-0.22.5-5.el8_0.x86_64 libnfsidmap-1:2.3.3-14.el8_0.2.x86_64 libsss_autofs-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 libsss_certmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 libsss_idmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 libsss_nss_idmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 libsss_sudo-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 microcode_ctl-4:20180807a-2.20190618.1.el8_0.x86_64 p11-kit-0.23.14-5.el8_0.x86_64 p11-kit-trust-0.23.14-5.el8_0.x86_64 platform-python-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64 python3-hawkey-0.22.5-5.el8_0.x86_64 python3-libdnf-0.22.5-5.el8_0.x86_64 python3-libs-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64 python3-perf-4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64 python3-rpm-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64 rpm-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64 rpm-build-libs-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64 rpm-libs-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64 rpm-plugin-selinux-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64 rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64 selinux-policy-3.14.1-61.el8_0.2.noarch selinux-policy-targeted-3.14.1-61.el8_0.2.noarch setup-2.12.2-2.el8.noarch sssd-client-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 sssd-common-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 sssd-kcm-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 sssd-nfs-idmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64 systemd-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64 systemd-libs-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64 systemd-pam-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64 systemd-udev-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64 epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch Installed: grub2-tools-efi-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64 Complete!
安装软件包后，重新启动机器
reboot
验证更新
使用 检查更新 命令以查看是否有任何更新等待安装。
yum check-update
不应返回任何输出
或者
如果您检查系统控制台或启动屏幕，它应该通过更新的内核启动。
您还可以使用以下命令使用更新的内核启动系统。
uname -a
输出：
Linux centos8.itzgeek.local 4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 24 11:32:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
如果系统无法使用新内核启动，请将机器启动到旧内核，然后重新安装新安装的内核。
结论
就这样。 请在评论部分分享您的反馈。
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